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WHY USE DEBITURA? 

Recovering your debt in India is easiest with this method.

Debitura specializes in debt recovery in India, offering a full range of services such as accounts receivables management, debt collection notices, pre-legal and legal debt collection, and enforcement court proceedings, all performed by our experienced professionals. Our expertise in Indian debt collection laws and regulations allows us to provide quick and effective solutions to help businesses recover outstanding debts.

We offer unwavering assistance throughout the entire process.

A tailored approach to debt recovery.

"We have a team of over 500 experts specializing in international debt collection."

At the lowest cost, we have a success rate of 87%.

LOCAL PARTNERS: Leading Indian Debt Collection Lawyers
A 103-105, 204-205, Sai Prabhu complex, opposite Dream Honda Showroom, Udhna, Surat- 394210
Moneyguard solutions LLP

MONEYGUARD is a startup India recognised BAD DEBT RECOVERY company with 18+ years of experience in our group of companies providing solutions for your pre-bad debt, bad debt problems. We increase a company's cash flow by recovering their unpaid invoices.

Lawsuits
Legal collection
Debt enforcement
18
2021
Debt collection agency
Ch.No. 249, District Court Complex, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
Legal Thirst Associates

Legal Thirst Associates is a full-service law firm based in India that has provided legal assistance in civil, criminal, and corporate fields since 1993. We take pride in our highly skilled team of advocates practicing in district and high courts across India since 1993. Our firm is registered under the Indian Partnership Act 1932, and MSME registered.

Lawsuits
Legal collection
Debt enforcement
9
1993
Law firm
47, nethaji road, Fraser Town, Bengaluru -560005
India International Law Firm

Legal services beyond boundaries. Primarily dealing in international commercial matters in various countries.

Lawsuits
Legal collection
Debt enforcement
15
2002
Law firm
E-142, First Floor, Greater Kailash- II, New Delhi- 110048
The Indian Lawyer & Allied Services

The Indian Lawyer & Allied Services is a Multi-City Business and Commercial Law Firm in India, specialising in a gamut of legal services. The Firm is further engaged in providing additional services under Allied Services to its Clients across the globe, to service their legal, business, commercial, and financial requirements. The Firm thereby acts as a one-stop shop for all professional needs of the Clients ranging from start-ups, business houses, high net worth individuals and multi-billion-dollar companies.

Lawsuits
Legal collection
Debt enforcement
20
2011
Law firm
No. 2, First Floor, Subharaj Plot No. CE/1/C/19, Premises No. 18-0208, Action Area- 1, New Town Kolkata-700156
Vidhikarya Legal Services LLP

We are a Pan India Law firm headquartered in Kolkata and providing legal services to clients across the country. We provide both Litigation and Advisory services to our clients in multiple domain like Corporate, Banking, Cyber laws etc.

Lawsuits
Legal collection
Debt enforcement
35
2016
Law firm
C-31 F/F Panchsheel Enclave New Delhi-110017
Srivastava & Associates

​Srivastava & Associates., a Indian law firm, having office in New Delhi and have presence in more then 10 cities in India. The firm operates through integrated network in, Chennai (Madras), Mumbai , Ahmedabad ,Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Kolkatta, Noida, Gurgoan, Pune and Hyderabad, and gives specialized advice on legal debt recovery matters to companies in the manufacturing, banking, energy ,Information technology, and real property sectors

Lawsuits
Legal collection
Debt enforcement
20
1972
Law firm

The ultimate guide about debt collection in India

Is your business dealing with a debt collection issue in India? Look no further! We have been assisting companies just like yours reclaim their money in India for years.

The process of collecting debts from Indian organizations can be daunting, since there are language and culture barriers to overcome as well as foreign laws to consider. Plus, the sheer distance between countries adds an extra layer of difficulty. But fear not – we're here to help!

The process of debt recovery is less strenuous when a collection agency that has a thorough understanding of the laws and customs in the country where someone owes money resides, carries out your request.

At Debitura, your customer's satisfaction is our foremost priority. We strive to get your money back while maintaining a good relationship with them and safeguarding your reputation through fair yet firm public relations efforts. If you are looking to collect the debt yourself and better understand India's debt collection process completely, then keep reading this guide! However, if working with a local law firm specialised in Indian debt recovery appeals more to you - we're here for that too!

New to debt collection?
The debt collection process can be complex and daunting for those new to it. Our team of experts is here to help you understand the process and navigate it with ease. Get free expert advice on your specific case, provided by our team of experienced professionals.

Let Debitura help you reclaim your debt in India and more than 200 other countries! Simply upload your claim today, and within 24 hours we'll present you with 3 free quotes from local debt collection lawyers. We understand that having a people-oriented strategy is important when trying to collect debts while also preserving customer relationships, which is why our approach combines the latest tech-driven solutions with an understanding of human interaction. Our comprehensive method ensures results and better contact management - so get started now! Moreover, our debt collectors, attorneys, suppliers and vendors are important relationships we cherish. We recognize the value of each relationship whether big or small in helping us achieve success.

We work with the following process: 
1

Upload claim

Begin the process of collecting your outstanding debt in India at no cost today. Simply sign up for a free account and submit your case in as little as 2 minutes.

2

Pre-legal

We aim to collect your claim through our successful pre-legal recovery process in the initial 3 months. Our approach is 100% no-cure-no-pay.

3

Legal

In case your claim remains unpaid during the pre-legal phase, we offer you 3 quotes from our nearby debt collection attorneys.

4

24/7 updates

You get access to our online portal where you can track your case in real-time

Introduction to collecting debt in India

Struggling to get paid back in India? We understand how tough it can be. That's why we make collecting debt as convenient and effortless as possible!

In the Indian context, those who owe a debt are called "the debtor", while those who issued the invoice or loan is termed "the creditor". If the original lender collects on their own, this falls under “first-party collections”; when another party is hired for collection services instead of them doing it themselves, that would refer to “third-party collections". Let us help you with either option so you can receive payment from your customers without difficulty.

  • In India, Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) is considerable, with payments typically taking place around 75 days on average. Furthermore, there are no regulations for late payments and enforcing ownership protection may be a challenge.
  • Navigating the court system can be a difficult endeavor, with lengthy delays and expensive costs making legal action practically impossible. Unfortunately, expedited proceedings are not an option for non-contentious debts either and enforcing foreign debt judgments would also present its own set of challenges.
  • It's nearly impossible to make sense of the insolvency framework due to it comprising multiple, intersecting regulations implemented by diverse government agencies.

Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)

In India, payments are usually made in a period of 75 days on average. Although the payment culture is good, local partners generally require terms that involve taking 60+ days to pay off transactions - though only 20% can meet this timeline. In short, such conditions should not be approved. As for publicly-traded companies, their DSO (days sales outstanding) tend to be shorter; however they have seen an increment over recent years.

Common payment types in India

Popular payment methods that you can use include:

In India, swift bank transfers are rapidly rising in popularity due to their speed and security; the banking network is also becoming increasingly evolved both domestically and internationally. Nonetheless, if you are involved with export transactions then it's essential to ensure your transfer is guaranteed through Export Credit Insurance – this can help minimize any risks associated with unexpected customer insolvency.

To ensure the financial security of your customers, Allianz Trade have established a worldwide network of risk offices that constantly monitor their creditworthiness and determines an appropriate credit limit for trade operations. If something goes awry, you can be confident in claiming back any outstanding payments due to you - alternatively, Standby Letters of Credit issued by banks guarantee repayment abilities so as to provide reliable protection.

Documentary Letters of Credit, which are irrevocable and verified guarantees from a debtor to a beneficiary through an established bank for certain amounts of money after specific terms have been finalized between involved parties, can also be considered. However, these financial assurances tend to carry larger costs and require extended periods of time when obtaining them.

Therefore, it is wise and common to negotiate lower down payments. Post-dated cheques are frequently used since they not only serve as a method of payment but also provide the seller with legal (and even bankruptcy) rights if the check goes unpaid.

Common organizational structures in businesses

The legal structures that determine liability for business debts include the following:

  • For sole proprietorships, small businesses owned by a single individual and not needing a legal framework, the owner has complete responsibility for any business debts. When two or more (up to ten in the banking business and up to twenty otherwise) individuals decide they would like to share ownership and responsibilities, a Partnership could be formed under the Indian Partnership Act of 1932. This allows for partners who are jointly, individually and unlimitedly liable for all actions taken by other members within the partnership. Alternatively, Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) may offer limited liability protection for its members through a registered agreement set out under the Limited Liability Partnership Act of 2008.
  • Private Limited Companies, regulated by the Companies Act of 1956, are commonly preferred as an ideal legal entity due to their lack of predefined capital funds and limited liability for shareholders. However, when creating a larger framework with tradable shares in play then Public Limited Companies should be considered; where owners' liabilities are restricted solely to the value attributed to their respective stocks.
  • Companies from other countries often establish themselves in India by forming Joint Venture Companies and Wholly Owned Subsidiary Companies (WOS). They can also create Representative Offices to perform liaison roles while not engaging in true business activities or producing income. Branch Offices, however, have the option of conducting their operations under Foreign Exchange Management Regulations.
  • Prior to the implementation of The Companies Act, 2013, it was impossible for a single individual to create their own company. Their only choice was to pursue a sole proprietorship which required at least two directors and members. However, with the introduction of this new law an individual is now able to form their very own business without any obstacles. This act enables one person - both as director and member –to establish a limited liability corporation all on their own! Therefore, an individual who is a resident or non-resident Indian can create their own one-person company that combines the advantages of having a corporation and the perks of being in business by themselves. The OPC receives its legal identity separately from its member and safeguards them from potential losses; since any creditor can sue only the OPC instead of personally pursuing its director or proprietor for payment. In this way, liability is limited to each shareholder's shares alone – not to mention they no longer have personal responsibility regarding the firm’s possible failure.

The debt collection process in India

The process of collecting money that someone owes in India usually happens in more than one step.

The image below explains our standard process for collecting debt in India:

The debt collection process in India
1 Upload your claim:

If you want someone else to help you get your money back, you will need to find a debt collection partner and upload your claim to their website. If you use Debitura, we will provide you with 3 quotes from local partners in the Asia country where your case is located. This is 100% free - no strings attached.

2 Amicable collection:

The collection process usually starts with sending gentle reminders to the person who owes you money. This is called a campaign. The reminders go through email, SMS, letter, and other ways of communication in the specific country. The goal is to get the debtor to pay or agree that they owe the debt and start a plan to pay it back. Debitura offers a no-cure-no-pay solution for amicable collection, which means you only have to pay a small success fee if we recover your debt. Therefore, amicable collections with Debitura are 100% risk-free!

3 Evaluation:

If the person you are owed money from has not paid you after you have talked to them, it is time to decide what to do next. We will look at how much money you are owed, the chance of getting paid, and other factors to help you choose what to do. There are three typical next steps:

A Surveillance:

If you owe someone less than 2.000-5000€, it is not worth it to take further legal action. In this case, we recommend "debt surveillance." This means we will keep trying to contact the person you owe money to and try to come to an agreement about how much they will pay you back.

B: Legal collections:

It's a good idea to begin a formal legal procedure if you're making a big claim. The way you do it will vary depending on the specifics of your claim. Generally, the whole process should take around a year and a half.

C: Debt enforcement:

If the person you think owes you money has agreed that they do, or if there is a court order, you can use the bailiff's court to get your money.

At Debitura, we are here to help you with every step of the process in India.

"Debitura's expert team helped us recover overdue payments in India. Their affordable and transparent debt collection services were the solution we needed. Thank you Debitura!"
Sneha Patel - Accounts Receivable Supervisor
"Thanks to Debitura, our debt recovery in India was hassle-free and cost-effective. With their help, we found the perfect debt collection agency to recover our outstanding payments. Highly recommended!"
Minal Shah - Accounts Payable Manager
4.97/5
Average rating based on feedback from over 600 satisfied clients
87%
Average debt recovery rate, exceeding industry standards
100M+
Debt recovered for our clients in the past 18 months

Amicable collection in India

At Debitura, we make Amicable collections a breeze! We offer you a 100% guaranteed risk-free and efficient process. Just submit your claim to us and our team will get started within 24 hours – it's that simple.

To retrieve what you are owed, we will employ all of the communication tools available in India—including electronic messages, texts, mailings, phone calls and social media.

We intend to do this with the goal of:

A) Secure the full payment of debt from the debtor, or
B) Obtain an acknowledgement from them and arrange a feasible payment plan.

If the debtor has denied your claim, you must start off with legal collections and cannot initiate an amicable resolution.

Late payment interest

Indian law does not specify a legal rate of interest for late payments, yet the courts routinely grant it when they rule in favor of one party. Notwithstanding this reality, debtors typically do not pay interest on overdue amounts if an amicable resolution is achieved between them and their creditors. In other words, though Indian law provides that payment of interest can be awarded by the court upon due consideration - even without any relevant agreement – friendly negotiations tend to bypass such measures altogether.

Get started with
amicable debt collection

Upload your claim and get started with our 100% no-cure-no-pay collection solution.

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Get the best price
No-cure-no-pay
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Debt enforcement in India

With a written acknowledgment of your claim from the debtor or court order, you can make use of India's bailiff court to have your claim enforced in India.

After a judgment becomes definite (i.e., no appeal is lodged within three months), enforcement of the domestic judgment may commence. In case the debtor fails to comply with the ruling, it is possible to petition for an execution order from the court by attachment and sale of their properties. Taking action to acquire an enforcement command can be avoided after twelve years have elapsed.

Everyone’s case is unique, so the process and associated cost of resolving your claim may vary. Let Debitura help you out - simply upload your information, and within 24 hours you will receive 3 customized quotes tailored to fit your needs!

Get started with
debt enforcement

Upload your claim and get 3 FREE quotes from our local collection partners.

100% free
Get the best price
No-cure-no-pay
Fast collection process
High recovery rate
100%
Risk free
Upload claim!

Insolvency proceedings in India

If it appears that your debtor is unable to pay their obligations, you can commence with an insolvency process. The purpose of this undertaking is to dissolve their assets and allocate them among creditors according to the order of debt repayment.

  • A financial creditor may institute a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Procedure (CIRP) against a debtor in the case of default of its own debt or the debt of any other financial creditor.
  • An operational creditor is entitled to file an application only in the event of default of its own operational debt, but prior to that is required to issue a statutory demand notice on the debtor.
  • The NCLT may admit the Application if: 1) A default has occurred and 2) The Application filed by the Financial Creditor is complete with no proceeding pending against proposed resolution professional.
  • After collation of all claims and determination of financial position, resolution professional shall constitute Committee Of Creditors which usually comprises all Financial Creditors; they may approve plan by 66% majority or choose to liquidate company.
  • Company will be liquidated if: 1) Committee Of Creditors rejects plan; or 2) during process, Committee decides saving company not viable.
  • Priority rules normally apply whilst distributing proceeds which vary depending on legal framework considered but typically insolvency resolution process costs & liquidation costs rank higher than others debts such as those owed to secure creditors & wages/money.

India country risk profile

We have examined India's critical financial data and extrapolated a risk assessment. You can use this analysis to assess your payment terms and manage your risk when doing business with customers in India.

Low risk
5-10
Medium-low risk
11-15
Medium risk
16-20
Medium-high risk
21-23
High risk
24-26
Low risk
5-10
Medium-low risk
11-15
Medium risk
16-20
Medium-high risk
21-23
High risk
24-26
Low risk
5-10
Medium-low risk
11-15
Medium risk
16-20
Medium-high risk
21-23
High risk
24-26
Low risk
5-10
Medium-low risk
11-15
Medium risk
16-20
Medium-high risk
21-23
High risk
24-26
Low risk
5-10
Medium-low risk
11-15
Medium risk
16-20
Medium-high risk
21-23
High risk
24-26

Our analysis concludes that the risk of running a business in India is medium-low. Based on this medium-low score, we recommend being careful providing credit and considering charging upfront payment or using credit insurance when trading if you don't know the customer in India well. If possible, provide a short credit period or even better upfront payment. The medium-low risk score is based on the following factors:

Economic Risk:
4
Economic Risk:
4
Economic Risk:
4
Economic Risk:
4
Economic Risk:
4
Economic Risk:
4
Business Risk:
4
Business Risk:
4
Business Risk:
4
Business Risk:
4
Business Risk:
4
Business Risk:
4
Political Risk:
3
Political Risk:
3
Political Risk:
3
Political Risk:
3
Political Risk:
3
Political Risk:
3
Commercial Risk:
1
Commercial Risk:
1
Commercial Risk:
1
Commercial Risk:
1
Financing Risk:
2
Financing Risk:
2
Financing Risk:
2
Financing Risk:
2

The economic risk in India

Economic risk in India is medium-high (4 out of 6). An economic risk of 4 out of 6 is pretty average in Asia.

GDP and economic growth are critical drivers for economic risk.
The GDP of India is 3173.4 bn. USD (2021), growing by 8.95% per year.

In terms of the size of its economy, India ranks #7 out of 183 countries and has a large economy.

Having a view at the growth rate, it is ranked #27 out of 183 countries and is therefore considered a fast-growing economy.

GDP per capita is 2277 USD, ranking India number #131 out of 183 countries. This means the purchasing power of citizens in India is low compared to the rest of the world.

You can see a more detailed picture of GDP and economic growth in India in the table below:

GDP and economic growthLatest value
Economic growth: the rate of change of real GDP8.95%
Gross Domestic Product, billions of U.S. dollars3173.4
GDP per capita, current U.S. dollars2277.43
GDP per capita, Purchasing Power Parity6675.35

another critical driver for the economic risk score is the inflation rate and the interest rates. You can see a more detailed picture of monetary KPIs in India in the table below:

Monetary KPI'sLatest value
Inflation: percent change in the Consumer Price Index5.1%
Business credit interest rate, percent8.7%

The inflation in India was 5.1% in 2021 which is considered a medium inflation rate.

Looking at the interest rate for businesses, it is 8.7%.

The business environment risk in India

Our analysis shows that the business environment risk in India is medium-high (4 out of 6), which is a pretty average risk score in Asia.

Economic freedom and rights determine the business environment risk in a country. The critical facts for India in the table below:

Economic freedom indexLatest value
Property rights index (0-100)59
Freedom from corruption index (0-100)48
Fiscal freedom index (0-100)79
Business freedom index (0-100)77
Monetary freedom index (0-100)72.1
Trade freedom index (0-100)69
Investment freedom index (0-100)40
Financial freedom index (0-100)40
Economic freedom, overall index (0-100)57

As you can see in the table, the property rights index is 59 in India, which is considered quite low in Asia.

The business freedom index is based on 10 indicators, using data from the World Bank’s Doing Business study. The Index is 77 in India, a decent score for a country placed in Asia.

India's overall economic freedom index is 57 out of 100 and is based on factors such as the rule of law, regulatory efficiency, and market openness.

The political risk in India

The political risk in India is medium, with a score of 3/6. This is a relatively low political risk score in Asia.

The governance and political stability indicators are vital drivers for political risk. An overview of India can be seen in the data below:

Governance and political stability indicators Latest value
Rule of law index (-2.5 weak; 2.5 strong)-0.08
Government effectiveness index (-2.5 weak; 2.5 strong)0.28
Control of corruption (-2.5 weak; 2.5 strong)-0.29
Political stability index (-2.5 weak; 2.5 strong)-0.62
Corruption Perceptions Index, 100 = no corruption40
Shadow economy, percent of GDP17.89%

The rule of law index analyses to which extent agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the quality of the courts, and the police's ability to enforce court orders.

When transacting business in a country, the rule of law index is critical as it describes your ability to enforce commercial contracts.

In India, the rule of law index is at -0.08 points, with the score going from -2.5 (weak) to 2.5 (strong). India has, therefore, a low rule of law index, which means it often is very difficult to enforce your contracts. We, therefore, recommend avoiding credits and recommend charging upfront payment instead.

Other drivers for the medium political risks are the very weak control of corruption, the very weak political stability index, and the normal shadow economy that is 17.89% of India's GDP.

The commercial risk in India

In India, the commercial risk score is 1/4, which in our model is a very low score. This very low commercial risk score is low compared to the average in Asia.

The commercial risk is impacted by a country's international trade relationships. You can see some of the key facts for India in the table below:

International trade and investment Latest value
Exports of goods and services as percent of GDP20.81%
Exports of goods and services, annual growth21.07%
Imports of goods and services as percent of GDP22.86%
Trade balance as percent of GDP-2.05
Trade balance, billion USD-74.7
Foreign exchange reserves, billion currency units638.48

India has a foreign exchange reserve of 638.48 bn. USD.

India has a negative trade balance of -2.05% of GDP. The meaning of this is that India imports more goods and services than the country exports.

The annual growth of exports of goods and services has been growing 21.07% annually - now 20.81% of GDP. Import of goods and services represents 22.86% of the GDP in India.

The financing risk in India

We have calculated the financing risk to be 2/4, which equals a low risk. A low financing risk score is relatively low for countries in Asia.

The country's banking system, efficiency, and stability influence the financing risk. You can find the critical facts for India in the table below:

Banking system efficiency and stabilityLatest value
Interest rates on bank credit to the private sector8.7%
Real interest rate: Bank lending rate minus inflation-0.82%
Index of legal rights for creditors and borrowers (0 = weak to 12 = strong)9
Credit information sharing index, 0 (low) - 8 (high)7

In India, the credit information sharing index is 7 on a scale from 0 (low) to 8 (high). This means the accessibility and quality of credit information available in India is medium-high.

This makes it easy for you to understand the credit risk of your counterpart in India. Based on this, it should be possible to to find a good local credit rating agency that can help you analyse the creditworthiness of your specific customers.

Your rights as a creditor are 9 out of 12 and, therefore, strong.

The low financing risk for creditors also impacts the high interest rate in the private sector of 8.7%.

Debt Collection in India: Your Frequently Asked Questions Answered

How does debt collection work in India?

In India, debt collection usually happens in several steps. Those who owe a debt are called "the debtor", while those who issued the invoice or loan are termed "the creditor". There are no regulations for late payments. Legal action can be challenging with lengthy delays and expensive costs. To collect debt, you can hire a third-party collection agency or pursue first-party collections. Debitura provides a free service to upload your claim and offers a no-cure-no-pay solution for amicable collection. If legal action is necessary, the process should take around a year and a half.

What is the debt collection process in India?

The debt collection process in India typically involves three steps: pre-legal collection, legal debt collection, and debt enforcement. The process begins with gentle reminders to the debtor to pay or agree on a plan to pay the debt. If amicable collection fails, the next step is evaluation, where factors such as the amount owed and likelihood of getting paid are considered. Debt surveillance is recommended for smaller claims, legal collections for bigger claims and debt enforcement is used when there is a court order or agreement from the debtor. Debitura can assist with every step of the debt collection process in India.

What legal options exist for debt collection in India?

To collect debts legally in India, a civil lawsuit is required if the debt is disputed. Debt enforcement and insolvency proceedings are also options, but all legal actions require a local lawyer. The court system in India can be slow and unpredictable, and legal costs may vary depending on the complexity of the case. In case of an insolvency process, a financial creditor may initiate the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Procedure (CIRP) against the debtor. Priority rules are applied in distributing proceeds, and legal frameworks may vary.

How much does debt collection cost in India?

The cost of debt collection in India depends on the specific case and desired actions. Debitura offers a no-cure-no-pay model for pre-legal collection with success fees between 10-20%. For legal actions, prices vary. Debitura can provide 3 quotes from the best debt collection lawyers in India.

How long does debt collection take in India?

The duration of debt collection in India may vary depending on the debtor and the case. If the matter is resolved in the pre-legal phase, the collection process usually takes 3-6 months. However, if legal action is necessary, the process may take 12-18 months. It is important to note that every case is unique, and the duration cannot be predicted with complete accuracy.