Inkassounternehmen in Mexiko | Schnelle, transparente Beitreibung

Schritt 1 - Wie funktioniert die außergerichtliche (vorgerichtliche) Forderungsbeitreibung in Mexiko?

Die außergerichtliche Beitreibung in Mexiko wird von einer lizenzierten agencia de cobranza wie unserem Partner ATIVO durchgeführt: Die Agentur überprüft die Forderung und den Schuldner, versendet förmliche Mahnungen und Zahlungsaufforderungen (cartas de cobranza) und verhandelt über eine freiwillige Zahlung oder einen schriftlichen Ratenzahlungsplan, wobei stets die Verhaltensregeln von PROFECO bezüglich Kontaktzeiten, genauer Offenlegung der Schuld und Nichtbelästigung eingehalten werden. Inkassobüros müssen im mexikanischen Handelsregister (Public Registry of Commerce) registriert sein; unlizenzierte Beitreibung ist verboten. Jede Mitteilung muss den Betrag, den Ursprung und die rechtliche Grundlage der Forderung angeben, und der Schuldner behält jederzeit das Recht, die Forderung anzufechten oder eine Berichtigung zu verlangen.

Die Einleitung rechtlicher Schritte ist niemals automatisch: Ihr Partner prüft zunächst, ob Sie einen vollstreckbaren Titel (wie ein Pagare, eine Letra oder ein Reconocimiento Notarial) besitzen, und Sie genehmigen ein Festpreisangebot, bevor jegliche rechtliche Schritte eingeleitet werden. Die Kommunikation bleibt dabei stets dokumentiert und nachvollziehbar, im Einklang mit den mexikanischen Datenschutzbestimmungen für das Inkasso.

Schritt 2 - Wie erhalten Sie einen vollstreckbaren Titel in Mexiko?

If amicable collection fails, your lawyer determines whether your claim qualifies for juicio ejecutivo mercantil (the fast-track executive trial) or requires juicio oral mercantil (the standard commercial trial), based on whether you hold an executable instrument.

Juicio ejecutivo mercantil (beschleunigtes Verfahren)

Juicio ejecutivo mercantil is available when the creditor holds an executable instrument, such as a signed pagaré (promissory note), a letra de cambio (bill of exchange), a judicial confession, or a reconocimiento notarial (notarized acknowledgment of debt). The court orders payment and, on default, orders an immediate embargo (asset seizure) to secure the claim (Código de Comercio arts. 1391-1392); the debtor then has 8 days to pay or raise defences (art. 1396), which is what makes this route faster than the standard trial.

Juicio oral mercantil (the standard commercial trial)

Juicio oral mercantil applies when the claim is disputed or no executable instrument exists. Since a 2017 reform it applies to every mercantile dispute with no monetary ceiling (Código de Comercio art. 1390 Bis), and follows the full evidentiary process under the Código de Comercio; a national procedure code, the Código Nacional de Procedimientos Civiles y Familiares (CNPCF), published 7 June 2023, is rolling out toward full nationwide effect by 1 April 2027. Appeals and amparo proceedings can extend the timeline beyond the standard court calendar.

Bestimmung des zuständigen Gerichts in Mexiko

Commercial claims in Mexico are filed with the civil or commercial court in the debtor's domicile or the place of performance of the obligation. Jurisdiction can be concurrente (concurrent) between state and federal courts for certain commercial matters (Constitución art. 104 fr. I-A, Código de Comercio art. 1100). Since the 2017 reform, every mercantile dispute proceeds as juicio oral mercantil regardless of value; an appeal is barred only below a periodically indexed threshold, currently MXN $924,300.58 (art. 1340).

Rechtskosten in Mexiko

Lawyer fees are governed by local Arancel de Honorarios (bar tariffs), and Mexican courts can order the losing party to pay costas (partial cost reimbursement), though this is case-by-case and not guaranteed; there is no state filing fee for judicial acts (Código de Comercio art. 1081). Once a judgment is secured, enforcement (ejecución) through embargo, bank or account seizure, or a judicial auction is carried out under the supervision of court officials (actuarios/jueces ejecutores), who act only under judicial authority.

Schritt 3 - Wie funktioniert die Zwangsvollstreckung von Forderungen in Mexiko?

Enforcement in Mexico follows directly from the fast-track juicio ejecutivo mercantil: once the court confirms the creditor holds an executable instrument (a pagaré, a letra de cambio, a judicial confession, or a judicially recognised invoice or contract), it orders payment and, on default, orders an immediate embargo (asset seizure) to secure the claim (Código de Comercio arts. 1391-1392). The debtor then has 8 days to pay or raise defences before the case proceeds (art. 1396). Because this route already includes an early embargo before final judgment, creditors holding a qualifying instrument can secure assets well before the case concludes, unlike claimants proceeding under juicio oral mercantil, who must wait for judgment before any enforcement measure is available.

Ways to enforce a claim in Mexico

• Embargo (asset seizure): court officials (actuarios) seize identified assets, bank balances or receivables to secure or satisfy the judgment.
• Judicial auction: seized assets are sold at auction and proceeds applied to the debt, interest and costas.
• Account measures: enforcement can reach identified bank accounts within the seizure order's scope.

The enforcement process in Mexico

1. Confirm the title: the court verifies the executable instrument or judgment before ordering embargo.
2. Locate assets: the creditor's counsel identifies bank accounts, receivables or property to target.
3. Embargo and, where needed, auction: actuarios/jueces ejecutores carry out the seizure under court supervision; defences raised in the 8-day window can delay the process.
4. Distribution: proceeds are applied to principal, statutory interest and any court-awarded costas; any surplus returns to the debtor.

Enforcement officials (actuarios/jueces ejecutores) act only under judicial authority; they cannot seize assets or garnish accounts without a court order. Enforcement timelines typically run from a few months to well over a year, depending on asset type and whether the debtor raises defences or appeals.